Radio
- typically with frequencies of 300 gigahertz (GHz) and below.
- cheapest form of entertainment
- accessibility and availability
- allowed information to be transmitted quickly and uniformly to vast populations
World Wars
- early and powerful recruiting tool
- Joseph Goebbels, German propaganda minister, called the radio the “eighth great power”, noting the influence of radio in promoting the Third Reich.
Great Depression
October 29, 1929 - Black Tuesday Franklin D Roosevelt
Cold War
term was first used by the English writer George Orwell in an article published in 1945 to refer to what he predicted would be a nuclear stalemate between “two or three monstrous super-states, each possessed of a weapon by which millions of people can be wiped out in a few seconds.”
“war of ideas”
Birth of Radio
1860s → James Clark Maxwell predicted existence of electromagnetic waves
1885 → Heinrich Hertz demonstrated that a wire carrying current can be swung to produce electromagnetic waves
1890s→ Marconi sent and received the first radio signals 1901 → sent ‘S’ across the Atlantic Ocean! from England to Canada 1909 → Nobel Prize given to Marconi
1900 → Reginald Fesseden - first person to send audio via radio signals 1906 → Reginald Fesseden - sent first public broadcast
1906 → Lee de Forest - invented Audion; made live broadcasts possible
India
In June 1923 the Radio Club of Bombay made the first ever broadcast in the country.
When India attained independence, there were six radio stations in India, at Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Tiruchirapalli and Lucknow.
1956 the name AKASHVANI
Vividh Bharati Service was launched in 1957
Tryst with Destiny Broadcast
Congress Radio
Usha Mehta Congress Radio Quit India Movement Broadcasted Freedom fighters
AIR
All India Radio (AIR), officially known since 1957 as Akashvani (literary meaning “Voice from the Sky”), is the national public radio broadcaster of India and is a division of Prasar Bharati. It was established in 1936.
All India Radio is the largest radio network in the world, and one of the largest broadcasting organisations in the world in terms of the number of languages broadcast and the spectrum of socio-economic and cultural diversity it serves
Vividh Bharathi (aka CBS)
On 3 October 1957, the Vividh Bharati Service was launched, to compete with Radio Ceylon. Commercial radio also known as the Commercial Broadcasting Service or CBS Had news, film music, short plays, music and comedy. It operates on different medium wave-band as well as FM frequencies in each city
Radio Ceylon
The history of Radio Ceylon dates back to 1925, when its first precursor, Colombo Radio, was launched on 16 December 1925
Colombo radio was the first radio station in Asia and the second oldest radio station in the world
Features and Characteristics of Radio
Link between Speaker and Listeners Intimate Mass communivation method Mobile Medium Cheap and Quick Medium
blind medium No shared experience one way channel of communication no feedback lacks the pictorial quality
A large section of receivers can be communicated quickly through radio radio is the major source of local news for many people needs relatively low infrastructure and overhead costs It can accommodate the last minute news story and sudden change in advertising messages. greater audience reach
radio brings programmes in 24 languages and 146 dialect.
amplitude modulation one of the oldest types of wireless broadcasting. sound quality isn’t always great as it often picks up electrical noise
Frequency Modulation Developed in the 1930s, the FM radio comes with many enhancements that make it popular to this day. improved sound quality with lower levels of electrical interference
Shortwave Radio This allows shortwave radio broadcasts to travel hundreds and even thousands of miles. In some cases, people can tune in to a broadcast from anywhere on the Earth.
Satellite Radio Satellite radio is a newer form of radio broadcasting. It’s commercial-based, requires a subscription, and is powered by satellites. This allows satellite radio to cover huge areas without compromising audio quality encrypted
Ham Radio Private participation wasn’t allowed until 1993 Amateur radio operators played an important part in the Indian independence movement with the establishment of illegal pro-independence radio stations in the 1940. Hobby
Walkie-Talkie
Community Radio Stations
They broadcast content that is popular and relevant to a local, specific audience
Community radio is a radio service offering a third model of radio broadcasting in addition to commercial and public broadcasting
mid-1990s, soon after the Supreme Court of India ruled in its judgment of February 1995 that “airwaves are public property”.
Anna FM was India’s first campus “community” radio station
first community-based radio station licensed to an NGO (as distinct from campus-based radio) was launched on 15 October 2008, when Sangham Radio Medak district, Andhra Pradesh
News programmes are banned on community radio in India (as they are on commercial FM radio).
mission to promote, encourage, support and facilitate all functional and desirous Community Radio Stations in India and abroad, CRA has already hosted seven workshops for the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
EK duniya anEK awaaz (Edaa)
community radio acts as a vehicle for the community and voluntary sector, civil society, agencies, NGOs and citizens to work in partnership to further community development aims
Aim of AIR - ‘Bahujan Hitaya : Bahujan Sukhaya’. inform, educate and entertain its audiences
18 FM stereo channels, called AIR FM Rainbow, targeting the urban audience FM Gold
Farm radio - All India Radio Farm & Home Broadcasts:
Kisan Vani (All India Radio)
Educational Radio -Started in 2000 March, owned by IGNOU - Gyan Vani
Gyan Vani station has a range of about 60 km and covers an entire city including the adjoining rural areas