Also called shape poems
when text is arranged in a specific way visually. The visual information is as important as, if not more, important as the text itself. Uses typographical effect to convey meaning.
History
Can be traced back as far as ancient Alexandria 3-2 BCE. A notable example is the work of poems Simmias of Rhodes. His poems took the shape of an egg, wings, and a hatchet to name few.
Calligram
is a set of words arranged in such a way that it forms a thematically related image Example, the word “tiger” written in such a way that it resembles the shape of a tiger.
Carmen figuratum
when the verse(s) of the poem takes a particular specific shape. For example, a poem about Christmas in the shape of a Christmas tree.